Golang：发起http请求-GET带参数、POST发送Form和JSON数据

文档

https://pkg.go.dev/net/http
https://pkg.go.dev/net/url

1、发起GET请求

使用net/http 可以很容易发起get请求

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "io"
    "net/http"
)

func main() {
    resp, _ := http.Get("https://httpbin.org/get")
    defer resp.Body.Close()

    body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)

    fmt.Print(string(body))
}

响应

{
  "args": {}, 
  "headers": {
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip", 
    "Host": "httpbin.org", 
    "User-Agent": "Go-http-client/2.0", 
    "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-664863e9-34028ecc4c56c08d6ac5d923"
  }, 
  "origin": "127.0.0.1", 
  "url": "https://httpbin.org/get"
}

2、发起带参GET请求

使用net/url将查询参数拼接到url上，再使用net/http发起http请求

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "io"
    "net/http"
    "net/url"
)

func main() {
    targetUrl := "https://httpbin.org/get"

    u, _ := url.ParseRequestURI(targetUrl)

    // URL param
    data := url.Values{}
    data.Set("name", "Tom")
    data.Set("age", "18")

    u.RawQuery = data.Encode() // URL encode

    fmt.Println(u.String())
    // https://httpbin.org/get?age=18&name=Tom

    resp, _ := http.Get(u.String())

    defer resp.Body.Close()
    body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)

    fmt.Println(string(body))

}

响应

{
  "args": {
    "age": "18", 
    "name": "Tom"
  }, 
  "headers": {
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip", 
    "Host": "httpbin.org", 
    "User-Agent": "Go-http-client/2.0", 
    "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-6648641d-0567278a093ee36078e9da27"
  }, 
  "origin": "127.0.0.1", 
  "url": "https://httpbin.org/get?age=18&name=Tom"
}

3、POST请求提交Form表单

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "io"
    "net/http"
    "net/url"
)

func main() {
    targetUrl := "https://httpbin.org/post"

    data := url.Values{}
    data.Set("name", "Tom")
    data.Set("age", "18")

    resp, _ := http.PostForm(targetUrl, data)

    defer resp.Body.Close()
    body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)

    fmt.Println(string(body))
}

响应

{
  "args": {}, 
  "data": "", 
  "files": {}, 
  "form": {
    "age": "18", 
    "name": "Tom"
  }, 
  "headers": {
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip", 
    "Content-Length": "15", 
    "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", 
    "Host": "httpbin.org", 
    "User-Agent": "Go-http-client/2.0", 
    "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-66486446-48a3d6085e91c39208746892"
  }, 
  "json": null, 
  "origin": "127.0.0.1", 
  "url": "https://httpbin.org/post"
}

4、POST请求提交Json数据

package main

import (
    "bytes"
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
    "io"
    "net/http"
)

func main() {
    targetUrl := "https://httpbin.org/post"

    data := make(map[string]interface{})
    data["name"] = "Tom"
    data["age"] = 12

    respdata, _ := json.Marshal(data)

    resp, _ := http.Post(targetUrl, "application/json", bytes.NewReader(respdata))
    defer resp.Body.Close()
    body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    fmt.Println(string(body))

}

响应

{
  "args": {}, 
  "data": "{\"age\":12,\"name\":\"Tom\"}", 
  "files": {}, 
  "form": {}, 
  "headers": {
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip", 
    "Content-Length": "23", 
    "Content-Type": "application/json", 
    "Host": "httpbin.org", 
    "User-Agent": "Go-http-client/2.0", 
    "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-6648646b-1057cc454774771009b19914"
  }, 
  "json": {
    "age": 12, 
    "name": "Tom"
  }, 
  "origin": "127.0.0.1", 
  "url": "https://httpbin.org/post"
}

5、接收响应数据，json转为map

package main

import (
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
    "io"
    "net/http"
)

// 定义响应数据结构
type Result struct {
    Args    string            `json:"args"`
    Headers map[string]string `json:"headers"`
    Origin  string            `json:"origin"`
    Url     string            `json:"url"`
}

func main() {
    targetUrl := "https://httpbin.org/get"

    resp, _ := http.Get(targetUrl)
    defer resp.Body.Close()

    body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    fmt.Println(string(body))

    // 接收返回的数据
    var ret Result

    json.Unmarshal(body, &ret)
    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", ret)

}

响应数据json格式

{
  "args": {}, 
  "headers": {
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip", 
    "Host": "httpbin.org", 
    "User-Agent": "Go-http-client/2.0", 
    "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-664854df-48710d487d9f9d97398586ac"
  }, 
  "origin": "127.0.0.1", 
  "url": "https://httpbin.org/get"
}

响应数据golang数据

main.Result{
    Args:"", 
    Headers:map[string]string{
        "Accept-Encoding":"gzip", 
        "Host":"httpbin.org", 
        "User-Agent":"Go-http-client/2.0", "X-Amzn-Trace-Id":"Root=1-664854df-48710d487d9f9d97398586ac"
    }, 
    Origin:"127.0.0.1", 
    Url:"https://httpbin.org/get"
}

6、自定义请求头

通过构建 Request 对象，设置请求头属性

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"net/http"
)

func main() {
	targetUrl := "http://httpbin.org/get"

	client := &http.Client{}
	req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", targetUrl, nil)

	req.Header.Add("X-Token", "123456")
	req.Header.Add("X-UID", "666")

	resp, _ := client.Do(req)
	defer resp.Body.Close()

	body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	fmt.Println(string(body))
}

响应

{
  "args": {}, 
  "headers": {
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip", 
    "Host": "httpbin.org", 
    "User-Agent": "Go-http-client/1.1", 
    "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-664863a4-044bd06c4e4887d73790591a", 
    "X-Token": "123456", 
    "X-Uid": "666"
  }, 
  "origin": "127.0.0.1"
  "url": "http://httpbin.org/get"
}